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agniveerupi@sbi,
agniveer.eazypay@icici

Agniveer® is serving Dharma since 2008. This initiative is NO WAY associated with the defence forces scheme launched by Indian Govt in 2022

Sita’s Agnipariksha in Ramayan

This entry is part [part not set] of 8 in the series Myths on Hinduism

The Context

One of the most controversial episodes of Ramayan is the Agnipariskha (Test by Fire) of Sita. As per the alleged episode, after Ram had defeated Ravan and rescued Sita, he refused to accept her doubting her chastity. Thus, Sita jumped into fire. The Fire God then rescued her and hence she came out unburnt. All gods came from heaven to convince Ram that Sita is pure. He then agreed and accepted Sita.

Various strong viewpoints exist on this issue. Traditionalists justify the action of Ram citing his overriding responsibility of setting right standards in society as a king. Feminists criticize the culture of that era and Hindu religion for being anti-woman. Anti-feminists use this story to explain why women should have limited freedom. Evangelists cite this episode (among many others) to convince Hindus to leave Hinduism and accept any other religion. It is a favorite of Dalit movement protagonists who showcase this as an example of Brahminical dogmatism. Miraclists (those who explain everything through some miracles) explain this as a grand strategy of divine. Some explain that the Sita which was kidnapped by Ravan was actually a shadow of Sita and actual Sita was hiding inside fire. So when shadow Sita went inside the fire, actual Sita came out.

The Loopholes

What I always failed to understand was why Ram had to make such convoluted plans that would be known by none in any case. Could he not have implemented some less controversial and yet more efficient plans?

In general, I have always been confused by stories of miracles. The era before advent of videography and imagery seems to be full of miracles. Farther and remoter the place and event, more the probability of miracles explaining it. Whether it be Purans, Bible or Quran, the key events are explained by some miracle or the other. Whether it be splitting of Red Sea, or travel across seven skies in one night, or splitting of moon by simply pointing it, or churning of sea or Sita being fire-proof, its all a miracle happening everywhere which none of us has ever witnessed nor expect to witness in our lives. These miracles happen very inconsistently. For years someone would toil and then suddenly achieve something through miracle.

If one considers these stories as symbolic of certain deeper facets of life, it is indeed a very useful tool. We have so much to learn from such stories if we don’t take them literally. However, we are supposed to blindly believe in them verbatim in order to not be termed blasphemous. This is where these stories start separating religion from spiritualism.

The debates I often witness among religions – which religion is best – eventually boils down to who can prove the miracle of his religion to be more authentic! 

And the atheists would laugh down such tales of miracles as a reason to hate religion. So they lose an opportunity to be purposeful in life, consider themselves as chemical reactions and become greatest victims!

Coming to the particular story of Sita’s asbestos test (asbestos is the material that is fully fire-proof), I could always see the flaws in it. The Ramayan era seemed to be very liberal from perspective of women rights. Women even took part in battles. Obviously participating in battle implies that there is a huge risk of getting imprisoned. Ram’s step-mother had accompanied Dashrath in one such war. So the family of Ram was quite liberal in these matters. Ram himself had been instrumental in uniting those women with their husbands who had been cheated by someone else. He made his friend Sugriva accept his wife again who was captured by his elder brother.

And if we trace the overall theme of Ramayan, there is no doubt that Ram was a role model par-excellence. Few people have inspired me as much as Maryadapurushottam Sri Ramchandra. (other two being Hanuman and Krishna). Its not out of nothing that he is the greatest icon of Hinduism for millenniums. Thus, this story as well as many others seemed to me like anomalies that contradicted the natural flow and other principles advocated in the same Ramayan.

Had it been a mythological story, we could have let go of this episode as imagination of the author or symbolic of something else. After all, there is no sensible way to explain what being fire-proof has to do with chastity of a woman. And if so, then all chaste woman should be fire-proof, which clearly is not the case. Because chastity does not convert your skin into asbestos. Further, what example is being set by such test in not clear. In fact by expecting such miracles to prove chastity of woman, generations have been misguided to denigrate women. Needless to say, this notion of chastity is blatantly against Vedas and Manu Smriti. 

In case of Ramayan, the fact remains that it is a historical text, and not yet another tales of Aladin. Further it is a text associated deeply with not just Hindu psyche. Ram is a role model for entire India regardless of religion. He is a cultural icon. Thus these stories denigrate Hinduism, culture and nation – every thing. If these be true, if indeed Ram was anti-woman, then Ram cannot be role model.

So I decided to test out what the exact episode is in Ramayana. Now Ramayana is an epic text, and not a divine text in lines of Vedas. So, while Vedas have been preserved for ages through a variety of methods to protect from even minutest aberration, other texts have not enjoyed that protection. Ramayan and Mahabharat are thus replete with latter day adulterations. Same is the case with Manu Smriti.

Please note that for ages, there was no printing press and publication house to publish authentic versions of any text. They used to be written by hand and memorized and spread across various schools and among scholars. So adulteration was easier. While it would be impossible to decipher each adulteration, if one analyzes one can identify the obvious adulterations. Such adulterations can be identified by change in language style, change in story flow, being out of context, suddenly a miracle happening and then the story continuing again as normal and contradiction with rest of the text.

We have already analyzed how more than 50% verses of existing Manu Smriti can be purged out as adulterated through analysis.

Sita's-Agnipariksha-in-Ramayan

In case of Ramayan, if we analyze the verses elaborating the Sita Fire-Proof test, startling truths emerge.

The story by and large goes on smoothly till 113th chapter of Yuddha Kand. In this chapter, Hanuman goes to Sita to inform her about victory of Ram.

In Chapter 114, Ram states that women are respected by the respect they get from nation and their own habits. Any kind of restriction on women – of home, dress code, boundary –  in order to protect their respect is unwise. (27). This shloka sums up the Hindu view of woman.

The rest of the verses in Chapter 114 except the last verse do not take the story any further. They seem to be adulterated.

In the first 6 verses of Chapter 115, Ram emotionally elaborates how he destroyed the enemy who had committed a grave crime. In the next 4 verses, he acknowledges the efforts of Hanuman, Sugriva and Vibheeshan. Verses 11 and 12 seems to be a clear adulteration that act as a filler to redirect the story.

In Verses 13 and 14, Ram expresses his satisfaction of getting back Sita after winning over such grave challenges.

And then in Verse 15, he takes a surprise U turn and states that he did not do all this to get back Sita. Clearly this verse is an adulteration. Not only it suddenly gives a new direction to the story, it does not relate to rest of the Ramayan where Ram had been even weeping in separation of Sita. Even if Ram had to force Sita for Fire-test, he could have said this straight instead of lying here. In entire Ramayan, Ram has been a truth-seeker, so this sudden twist is an obvious adulteration.

And from there, all the remaining verses of Chapter 115 appear clear adulteration. For example, in verses 22 and 23 he advises her to live with Bharat, Lakshman, Sugriva, Shatrughna or Vibheeshan. The fake verses cover the entire 116th chapter where Sita answers Ram’s allegations and asks Lakshman to prepare a fireplace. Then she jumps into it. Suddenly, in this chapter, all Rishis, Gandharvas, Gods emerge, who were non-existent so far.

In Chapter 117, all the major Gods come to Ram to talk to him. This is perhaps the only instance in Ramayan where divinity suddenly overpowers the normal course of story. This is the first time that Ram is spoken of as the Ultimate God Himself. If Ram alone is Ultimate God, why the lesser Gods are coming to convince Him of his ‘mistake’ is unexplained. And why Ram asked so many Gods to come. In this Chapter, they praise divinity of Ram for all the 32 verses.

In Chapter 118, Fire God comes out with Sita in her lap and offers to Ram. Then Ram explains that he was playing a game to convince people about chastity of Sita. Finally the last verse 22 says:“Having said so, Ram met Sita with great happiness.”

If all verses from Chapter 115 verse 15 onwards upto Chapter 118 verse 21 are deleted, the story continues smoothly and this intermediate miracle drama has no relevance or impact whatsoever.

Recall that Chapter 115 verse 14 has Ram emotionally explaining how he got back Sita with great efforts. And then Chapter 118 verse 22 says: “Having said do, Ram met Sita with great happiness.” There is perfect continuity. 

Now Chapters 119 and 120 are again pure adulterations where the Gods praise Ram even further, then Dashrath also comes with God Indra and they have very long discussions. Indra then makes dead soliders alive again through magic. Chapter 121 starts with: “Ram slept peacefully that night and spoke with Vibheeshan in morning.” With minor adulterations, story continues as normal about how Ram and Sita went back to Ayodhya on Pushpak plane. Now, till end of Ramayana, nowhere does any reference to miracles happening emerge.

 

So, if one undertakes a cursory glance of Ramayan, this episode clearly emerges as a latter day adulteration which may have fuelled many debates, groupism, anti-Hindu mindset, anti-woman mindset, conversions and insults thrown upon character of Ram. However, the fact remains that the very basis for all this is dubious.

To sum up:

Following verses are clear adulterations:

Chapter 114: Verse 28 onwards, except last verse

Chapter 115: Verse 15 onwards

Chapters 116 and 117

Chapter 118: Except last verse

Chapters 119 and 120

If you remove all these adulterations that bring discontinuity, the story moves very smoothly and logically. 

Real Ramayan and Real Mahabharat

Some other frivolous myths from Ramayan and Mahabharat that are used to denigrate the noble culture of Hinduism but do not exist are as follows:

Ramayan:

– Sita exile (entire Uttar Ramayan is fictitious and a latter day creation having no linkage with Valmiki)

– Killing of Shambuka , a shudra by Ram (again fiction from frivolous Uttar Ramayan)

– Hanuman, Bali, Sugriva etc being monkeys or apes. They were human beings, Hanuman was a great scholar, brilliant and impressive personality

– Ram, Lakshman, Sita being meat-eaters or alcohol consumers

Mahabharat:

– Draupadi being married to 5 brothers. Her name was Panchali because she was daughter of ruler of Panchal, and not because she married 5 brothers.

– Krishna married 16000 plus wives.

The reason why Ramayan and Mahabharat were so susceptible to adulterations is also obvious. After Vedas, these 2 texts have been the most respected texts of Hinduism for several centuries now. So, if you are able to manipulate these, it is easy to manipulate Hindus. Same is the case with Manu Smriti – the oldest law book.

 

The greatest benchmark, thus, to identify truth is that if it is as per Vedas or as per reason, accept it. Else reject it as an adulteration. Follow the overall theme and do not be bogged by minor details if they appear contrary to reason.

Jai Shri Ram

Vedas alone are true Dharma. Based on rock solid foundation of Vedas, Hinduism is a culture that should be proud of not only all Indians but entire humanity.

Ram is a role model for entire world. We should be proud that we are progeny of Ram. Whether we respect Ram as a God or God-driven is a personal belief. But character of Ram is as pure as diamond. Agniveer is committed to defence of glory of our role models.

Jai Shri Ram

Reference: Valmiki Ramayan published by Geeta Press Gorakhpur

This post is also available in Marathi at http://agniveer.com/sita-agnipariksha-marathi/ and in Hindi at http://agniveer.com/sita-agnipariksha-hi/


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Sanjeev Newar
Sanjeev Newarhttps://sanjeevnewar.com
I am founder of Agniveer. Pursuing Karma Yog. I am an alumnus of IIT-IIM and hence try to find my humble ways to repay for the most wonderful educational experience that my nation gifted me with.

176 COMMENTS

  1. Agniveer, appreciate your efforts in defending Sanatan Dharma keeping vedas as central point. Please accept my heartfelt congratulations on having rebutted many concocted false theories regarding the religion of our great motherland/holyland Bharatavarsha.

    I dont find any problem with you picking up Dayanand Saraswati’s stand as your focal point. To each his own. But I request you to consider the works of Madhvacharya to give an all round finish to your articles.

    Madhvacharya has written more books than every bhashyakara in the history of hinduism. The biography of Madhva was also written during his own lifetime as opposed to most other acharyas.

    Madhva has written books on not only the Prasthana traya, but also everything ranging from tithi nirnaya to tantrasara. These books highlight practices such as idol dimensions and such. So to say that idol worship is not supported in hinduism is incorrect, to the best of my knowledge.

    Most of the miracles which you put down as interpolation are explained clearly, including panchali having 5 husbands and most of the “seemingly” suspicious behaviour of Rama.

    The central point is that of “Hari sarvottamatva, Vayu jeevottamatva”. If you understand the descent of Hari as Rama-Krishna-Vyasa and the service rendered by Vayu on descending in the form of Hanuma-Bheema-Madhva, then most doubts will be resolved.

    But I repeat again, to each his own. No offense given to you. I again wish you the very best in your future endevours and hope ShriHari-Vayu-Guru rewards your sincere efforts. You are truly an inspiration for all right minded hindus to get serious about our scriptures again.

  2. Brother,
    if hanuman was not an ape, why does Goswami Tulsidas describe him as such? It’s also being said that Tulsidas was a reincarnation of Valmiki and had met Hanuman himself. So, he must have seen him. Please clear this.

    • you should read Ramayan, when Ram met Hanuman and said that Hanuman was not an ordinary forest dweller and he must be well versed with the vedas as his samskrit uccharan was perfect. do you think that an ape can read and understand the vedas?!

  3. Dear Sanjiv,

    I had posed the question to my mother about how Ram could be considered an ideal man if he was party to an Agnipiksha that his wife had to undergo. She could not give me a satisfactory reply so I found my way to your article. It is written convincingly and does create reasonable doubt about the credibility of the agnipariksha anecdote. It is surely an interesting view point on the episode. I admire the open minded writing.

    Thank you for sharing it.

    Regards
    Harshad

    • Rama was ideal man but not supernatural power. He was messenger of that power which is goddess of nature. Every prophet has to undergo a critical examination in his life.

  4. Agniveer,You are trying to understand things with limited boundations of human brain. Things may be more complicated. Dharma can not have a name be it Hinduism, islaam or any other. Dharma is eternal. Hindus will end, muslims will end one day what will exist is eternal (sanaatan) dharma.You will keep trying to find proofs of authenticity of bhavishya puraan. You will not get because if you get, destruction of this earth will not occur which is already written in all holy scriptures.

  5. Rama, Krishna, and other prophets were messenger of God they were not supernatural power. Goddess of nature is the supreme power thats why in sanaatan dharma we thank every greatness of God by bowing and joining hands before them be it cow, peepal, sun or anything else. Worshipping these things, you are worshipping the God only. Sanaatan dharma is the actual way to live the life.

    • Absolute nonsense. Rama and Krishna were the 7th and 8th incarnations of Lord Vishnu. They were not mere mortals. Sanatana Dharma cannot be confined like a monotheistic faith. There are different templates like Advaita Vedanta, Dvaita Vedanta and Sankhya Vedanta.

  6. Dear Agniveer
    अयं अग्निर्वीर्तमो..(yajurveda).
    you are writing this on your website and then asking how agni can give the proof of Sita”s Chastity. Doubting everything sometimes make you ignorant.

  7. Dear Agniveer,
    You are going to play a vital role in helping the sanaatan dharma to end from this earth by doubting. End of eternal dharma is definite then only kalki avataar will be incarnated by Vishnu-who is protector of Universe.
    Islaam is the fastest growing region which is happening by the order of Shiva-the destroyer of Universe according to Bhavishya Puraan. And we cannot stop that because then only eternal dharma will get ended as practices of their so called leaders is such that…

  8. AS per the case of KRISHNA’S 16000 wifes ..
    It was the status that he gave to them as that of rajapatni and who married these women will be given official job or something like that was announced , i think so …. This was done to protect their dignity & honour & keep them safe as they feared nobody will except them … What’s more safe than the tag of a RAJAPATNI . That was his brilliance, that had been now doctorined into Marrying them is all a hoax explanation .. i think during the end of krishna’s reign corruption gt stronger and wt the present media doing now, same happened after that ( the effect of kaliyuga, change in the psyche of people ) ..

    Actually this instance has happened in present day world itself … I exactly dont know this leaders name ( not in india ) as read in a newspaper long ago ..

  9. Hello Sanjeev ji, great samaritan work .
    I know the basis of this epic and then basis of its later distortion, you’d be thrilled to know when I’d publish it in a book may be. I need to stay in touch with me. You’re doing a good job, I wish very best for you. What are current issues you working on. Are you working full time on this vast issue of Indianism?!
    Well we need to work on it, in scientific terms. We have been defeated for last 1600 yrs and thus all such corruption!
    beleieve me there is much to it, the greatest tale of world, of all time!!!
    kudos to you, for carrying on….
    You didn’t reply the emails I sent you(other email id)
    Tc

  10. How can a DHARMIC DACORIAN law having Religious sanctity be declared an ADHARM , without Sita getting Physically involved in it…………THINK..>>>>>THINK, then answer .

    VALMIKI RAMAYAN contains lot of additions, alterations made subsequently and accepting the fact that Ramayan, Mahabharat, and all Puraans are also coded, the history that they contain, actually has to be culled out.

    RAMCHARITMANAS written by Goswami Tulsidas Ji, also followed the same pattern except that it ignored altogether, the incident of disownment of Sita.

    When Shri Ram took Avatar, all important events in which he was involved, as Human, would provide a Dharm. Agni Pariksha is one such event which Shri Ram established EITHER as DHARM or ADHARM…I WANT YOUR ANSWER ON THIS ISSUE.

    Hindus by and large are afraid to accept Shri Ram as human incarnation of Lord Vishnu. Once we accept Shri Ram as Avatar, who came on this earth for establishing Dharm, we then have to start looking at all important events in which he was involved differently and to find what the Dharm was, which HE tried to establish.

    Now the question is Why do you want to look for supernatural powers in history where NONE exists?

    NOW the answer: GO and read full post after clicking on the link and you will know how Agnii Pariksha was declared as ADHARM.

    Excerpts from the post:

    ‘King Ram REJECTED the results of Agni Pariksha and held that the only time when Sita was on her own, free to make her own decision, and under no duress, was when she was alone in Panchvati. Her decision to cross the Lakshman Rekha, without the use of any external force, can also be construed as her consent to go with Ravana. He also observed, that after his victory over Ravana, none of the action of Sita can be construed to be her own free decision and without any duress. He further said that it is true that, as a King, it is difficult to reject the result of Agni Pariksha, because it has religious sanctity, but he would like to go with…

  11. Can you provide evidence about hanuman being animal not ape or vice versa. Because many atheist friend Question me on this. NO answer with me to quote!!!
    Please write about atheist also.How to counter them.

  12. Lord Ram was maryada pusushottam , and he has higher duty of being a king thn being husband. He was nt like kalyuga leaders who keeps family first n people last. To set an example fr entire human race, he decided to take agni pariksha, but he himself knew Sita is pure. Woman r not suppose to remain away under another man’s rule n to demonstrate this, he performed this act. However in kalyuga, woman r often found staying away frm their family, which is nt Vedic concept.

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